An Efficient and Compacted DAG-based Blockchain Protocol for

Industrial Internet of Things

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics ( IEEE T IND INFORM)

Laizhong Cui¹    Shu Yang^1*    Ziteng Chen¹    Yi Pan²    Mingwei Xu³    Ke Xu³

¹Shenzhen University    ²Georgia State University    ³Tsinghua University

Abstract

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has been widely used in many fields. Meanwhile, blockchain is considered promising to address the issues of the IIoT. However, the current blockchains have a limited throughput. In this article, we devise an efficient and secure blockchain protocol compacted directed acyclic graph (CoDAG) based on a compacted directed acyclic graph, where blocks are organized in levels and width. New-generated blocks in the CoDAG will be placed appropriately and point to those in the previous level, making it a well-connected channel. Transactions in the network will be confirmed in a deterministic period, and the CoDAG keeps a simple data structure at the same time. We also illustrate the attack strategies by adversary, and it is proved that our protocols are resistant to these attacks. Furthermore, we design a CoDAG-based IIoT architecture to improve the efficiency of the IIoT system. Experimental results show that the CoDAG achieves 164× Bitcoin’s throughput and 77× Ethererum’s throughput.

Fig. 2. To make full use of the computation and other network resources, we design a framework shown in Fig. 2, where the IIoT devices are divided into miner, gateway, and node.

Fig. 3. We point out that there are two attack strategies that may happen in the CoDAG. The first is that the adversary will build a completely separate new channel [see Fig. 3(a)]. The second is that the adversaries will compete in the original channel with honest nodes [see Fig. 3(b)].

Fig. 4 demonstrates the framework of our implementation, where the data layer, chain layer, RPC/Console layer, and Dapp layer are involved. Among them, chain layer is the core layer in the CoDAG, which can be divided into Network module, CoDAG module, Miner module, Consensus algorithm module.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2018YFB1800302 and Grant 2018YFB0803405, in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61772345, Grant 61625203, and Grant 61832013, in part by the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists under Grant 61825204, in part by Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Project, and in part by the Tencent “Rhinoceros Birds”—Scientific Research Foundation for Young Teachers of Shenzhen University. Paper TII-19-2220.

Bibtex

@ARTICLE{8772104,

author={Cui, Laizhong and Yang, Shu and Chen, Ziteng and Pan, Yi and Xu, Mingwei and Xu, Ke},

journal={IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics},

title={An Efficient and Compacted DAG-Based Blockchain Protocol for Industrial Internet of Things},

year={2020},

volume={16},

number={6},

pages={4134-4145},

doi={10.1109/TII.2019.2931157}

}

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